叶卡捷琳娜二世时期的俄罗斯传统园林艺术

The Russian Traditional Landscape Art in Catherine Ⅱ Reign

叶卡捷琳娜二世执政时期,相对宽松的社会气氛以及东西方园林艺术的影响,使俄罗斯自然风景园得到了长足发展,产生了叶卡捷琳娜园、巴甫洛夫园、加特契纳等重要的园林艺术作品。以自然景观为基础进行空间营造,人工干预较少,借鉴风景画的构图原理而注重园林建筑与周围环境的协调,对已存在的规则式园林部分给予保留,大量运用本土植物,以乔—草结构的纯林或疏林为主要配置模式等是俄罗斯自然风景园的主要特点。

The Russian landscape art made a rapid progress during the reign of Catherine II, for the free social atmosphere at home and the impact of landscape art of the East and the West. As a result, some very influential works of landscape art came into being, of which some were named after Catherine, Pavlov, and Gatchina and viewed as classics. It is these gardens that characterizes the Russian landscape garden： specific landscape were taken as the basis of garden layout with very few artificial elements; importance was attached to the building＇s coordination with its surrounding by the guidance of design principle in drawing landscape; parts of the pre-existing gardens, whose building organization were in geometric symmetry, were preserved; native plants were utilized a lot in the garden, with tree-grass design of pure arbor woods and open forest as its decoration mode mainly.