动物布鲁氏菌病疫苗应用现状及研究进展

Current application of brucellosis vaccines and its research advances

布鲁氏菌病(布病)是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种重要的人兽共患病,近几年在世界范围内呈反弹趋势,我国尤其严重,该病对畜牧业和人类健康均构成严重威胁。疫苗免疫是预防和控制布病的重要措施之一,选择和使用有效的布病疫苗关系到布病防控的成效。迄今国内外已有多个弱毒活疫苗在使用,其中使用最为广泛的有光滑型牛种S19株、羊种Rev.1株、猪种S2株,以及粗糙型牛种RB51株。不同疫苗各有其优缺点,科学家们正试图研发更理想的布病疫苗。目前人们正通过基因工程技术构建重组弱毒疫苗、分子标记疫苗、DNA疫苗以及亚单位疫苗。对布病疫苗的应用及新型疫苗的研究现状作一综述。

Brucellosis is a crucial zoonosis caused by Brucella, which has some traits of wide hosts, great infectivity, serious damage and difficulty in cure. In recent years, brucellosis rebounds worldwidely, and it is especially serious in China. It causes great losses to farming and people＇s health. Vaccination is one of the most effective measures used to control the disease, and the application of appropriate vaccine decides the brucellosis controlling effect. Up to now, therer are several attenuated vaccines used in domestic and abroad, in which the most widely used vaccines were B. abortus strain 19 （S19）, B. melitensis Rev.1 （Rev.1）, B. suis strain 2 （S2）, and rough strain B. abortus 51 （RB51）, and each vaccine has its advantages and disadvantages. Scientists are now trying to develop more effective vaccines to deal with increasingly serious brucellosis epidemic situation. They are now constructing recombinant and molecular marker strains, DNA vaccines and subunit vaccines. Some conventional and new-style vaccines were reviewed in this paper.