论中国溢油污染索赔机制的完善——从索赔康菲案展开

The Perfection of Compensatory System on Oil Spill Pollution:Beginning from the Case of the Claim to Conocophillips

随着海洋石油资源的不断开发及海上运输业的蓬勃发展,海上溢油污染的风险不断加大,2011年6月,我国发生的康菲溢油事故,其造成的海洋污染范围之广、程度之深不亚于甚至超过去年美国发生的墨西哥湾溢油事故。面对渤海湾生态系统的破坏和渔民、渔业的巨大经济损失,众多的受害人如果求告无门,权利得不到及时救济将把受害人推向绝境。本文通过对康菲漏油事件与墨西哥湾漏油事件索赔处理过程的比较,分析了我国溢油污染索赔制度的建设在立法层面、司法层面均十分薄弱。通过对康菲索赔诉讼类型化分析,发现溢油污染的索赔往往是环境侵权诉讼与环境公益诉讼并存,对两种诉讼关系、运作特点和价值缺乏深入的研究,成为阻碍我国私益诉讼与公益诉讼共生的环境权益司法保护模式建立的深层原因。本文建议理论上明确环境侵权诉讼与环境公益诉讼异同的前提下,区分不同情况,确立环保行政机关作为支持起诉人参加诉讼和环保部门和公民、法人作为共同原告提起环境诉讼两种制度。同时,在环境侵权诉讼中借鉴美国和解集团诉讼制度,以提高纠纷的解决效率。

With development of marine transport industry and exploitation of petroleum resources vigorously, the risk of maritime oil spill is increasing. On July 6,2011, Conocophillips oil spill incident happened in China. The pollution scope of this incident even surpassed the oil spill incident of the gulf Mexico. Confronting the destruction of ecosystem and tremendous economic losses in fishing industry, the victims who have no way of the relief are in predicament. The paper compares the compensatory system between the oil spill of Conocophillips and the oil spill of the gulf Mexico. Meantime the paper analyzes the deficiency of compensatory system in China. By analysis of the case on the claim to Conocophillips, we find it is necessary to study on the relation, character and value between the environmental tort action and environmental public interest litigation. Clarifying the similarities and differences on two kinds of litigation can promote the research on the environmental dispute resolution system. The paper brought the viewpoint that environmental protection agency should attend the environmental tort action as supporting plaintiff or coplaintiff in environmental litigation. Meantime, the paper suggestions to draw on the experience of settlement class action in the United States in environmental tort litigation in order to improve the dispute settlement efficiency.