中国旅游发展效率及其影响因素的实证研究——基于随机前沿分析方法(SFA)

An Empirical Study on the Efficiency of China's Tourism Development and Its Influencing Factors——Based on Stochastic Frontier Analysis

本文运用面板数据随机前沿分析方法(SFA)测算了中国旅游发展效率,并对中国旅游发展效率的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,中国旅游发展效率水平逐年提高,区际和区内旅游发展效率差异逐渐缩小;旅游资源禀赋对旅游发展效率具有显著正向影响,但影响效应较小,实质上反映出旅游产品的转型升级对旅游发展效率具有重要意义;城市化对旅游发展效率具有呈U形的非线性影响作用关系;市场化对旅游发展效率具有显著正向影响,有效的制度供给成为提高旅游发展效率的主要途径;区位因素对旅游发展效率具有显著正向影响,东部和中部地区旅游发展技术无效程度要低于西部地区。最后,文章基于以上研究结论,提出了提高中国旅游发展效率的政策建议。

Using Stochastic Frontier Production （SFA） of panel data, this paper measure the efficiency of Chi-na＇ s tourism development, and carry out empirical analysis on influencing factors of China＇ s tourism development. Empirical results draws ： （ 1 ） The efficiency of China＇ s tourism development has increased gradually, and differ-ences in the efficiency between inter-region and regions; （2）Tourism Resources have significant positive impact on the efficiency of China＇ s tourism development, but effective impact is small. It reflects essentially that the transfor-mation and upgrading of tourism products is important to the efficiency of China＇ s tourism development; （3） The nonlinear effective relationship shows U-shaped between urbanization and China＇ s tourism development; （4）Mar-ket has significant positive impact on the efficiency of China＇ s tourism development, and effective institution sup-plies is as the main way for enhancing China＇ s tourism development ; （5） Location has significant positive impact on the efficiency of China＇ s tourism development, and The technical inefficiency in eastern and central region is lower than western region. China has entered the tourism development stage which capital generates, the development form of tourism is changing from labor-intensive previous to capital intensive transformation, this underlines the significant transforma-tion of Chinese tourism development track, in the process of this industry change, tourism develops mainly by in-creasing return to scale as the main driving characteristic, this means that, under the condition that keeps the input elements configuration structure reasonable, enlarging the scale of tourism development inputs moderately, will ben-efit to strengthen Chinese tourism development scale economic, and realize tourism development efficiently, then improve the efficiency of tourism development in essence. An indisputable fact is, Chinese tourism development ef-ficiency typically has regional unbalance, in line with the size of Chinese tourism economic development, the main reason is that the different location among regional tourism development and the different conditions of history and policy. Based on the basic research conclusion, Results embodies ： （ 1 ） As the law of supply and demand in tourism market as the basic guide, increasing the tourism development inputs scale reasonably at the same time, improving the utilization efficiency of tourism development elements through the transformation of tourism industry structure, and further can expand the tourism development of the economy of scale effect, and narrow the technology efficiency variance of regional tourism development; （2） China must establish efficient tourism market information feedback mechanisms, making the tourism product structure system according to the market demand, strengthening the de- sign efficiency of tourism product which needs the joint of the tourism market demand and tourism development real-istic productive forces; （3） China must further improve the quality of urbanization development, internalizing the tourism development reality vision into the urban planning system, giving full play to the tourism function of the construction and development of urban, and finally achieve the common development of ＂the city in the tourism＂ and ＂tourism in the city＂ ; （4） China can also advance the degree of marketization of the tourism development, weakening the administrative boundary of the development of the tourism market, and form the ecological ＂system dividend＂ of the tourism development; （5） Under the conditions, western region can strengthen the system and constructs the facilities, improving the experience learning and absorption ability of tourism development, and guide tourism development elements to flow reasonably among regions. Moreover, it can reduce the differences of efficien-cy of the tourism development with the middle and eastern region.