从“社区参与”走向“社区增权”——开平碉楼与村落为例

FROM COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT TO COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT——A Case Study of Kaiping Watchtower and Villages

社区增权是社区参与内涵的进一步拓展,是提升社区参与有效性的重要途径。要使社区参与真正落到实处,使社区居民能够真正获益于旅游发展,亟需通过不同层面的增权,凸显社区居民在旅游开发中的主体地位。鉴于此,本研究以开平碉楼与村落为例,分析了旅游开发中社区参与现状及问题,并提出通过从经济、心理、社会和政治等四个不同层面实现增权,探索村落遗产地提高社区参与有效性的途径,以期为旅游行政管理部门科学制定决策提供理论依据和实践建议。

Community residents play an important role in tourism image of village heritage sites, whose attitudes and behaviors have a direct impact on tourists＇ experience and feelings and impression on destination. However, community involvement hasn＇t realized, and degree of involvement and level of involvement are generally low in tourism development practice. Community residents are engaged in non-technical or semi-skilled work which involve in economic activities and seldom intervene in management and decision, and they are lack of involvement and interests are damaged in politics, economics and society, which result in culture heritage, can be effectively protected. Community involvement is an individual and passive process. Subject position of community residents in essence is ignored, which is the reason that involvement of community residents fail in practice. Therefore, only if the right and system framework will be set up by community empowerment, subject position of Community residents are be highlighted in tourism development. Community empowerment extends further community involvement, which is an important way to promote validity of community involvement. To make community involvement be put into practice as well, the community residents should be empowered in the different aspects. This paper analyzes the present situation and problems of community involvement in tourism development and puts forward communiy empowerment including economical empowerment, psychological empowerment, social empowerment and polictical empowerment to find effective means to community involvement, which will provide a scientific evidence for tourism administrative department to make a policy.