语言政策与国家认同:原苏联民族语言政策的失误与思考

Language policy and state identity:The Soviet policy on national languages

苏联成立后，没有建立将俄语作为国家通用语言进行推广的法律框架，但在具体实践中却逐渐强化了俄语作为通用语的推广力度，并将推广俄语与构建“苏联人民”联系起来。由于没有辩证地区分语言的身份标志作用与交流作用，因而引起了一些非俄罗斯加盟共和国民族主义情绪的反弹。上述失误使原苏联语言政策未能有效发挥对国家认同应有的促进作用。

After establishment of the Soviet Union,there was no legal framework for promoting Russian language as a national one,but in practice Russian language as the lingua franca was strengthened gradually.At the same time,government associated promotion of Russian language with forming of 'the Soviet people'.Lacking of distinction between language identity mark function and communication function,nationalism in some non-Russian Republics of the Soviet Union was rebound.Above-mentioned mistakes have language policy failed to effectively play a role as national identity.