俄罗斯州长产生方式的变化与联邦制变革

Change of election of Russian subject governors and change of Russian federalism

最近20年俄罗斯各联邦主体最高行政长官（简称州长）的产生方式一直徘徊在任命与直选之间，或者并行或者交替地实行过“任命制”、“直选制”、“准任命制”等方式。2012年5月，俄再次出台新法，规定今后各联邦主体的州长仍将通过选举产生。这种新的选举方式可以称之为“准直选制”。俄州长产生方式的变化情况与其联邦制的变革情况息息相关，在某种意义上互为因果。州长产生方式的每一次变化都是联邦制变革的大势之所趋，而每次变化后产生的结果又成为下一次变革的主要动因。我们有理由认为，在可预见的未来，新近实行的“准直选”制度有被微调的可能，但发生较大变动的可能性很小。

In past twenty years,the chief executive of the Russian federal subjects were appointed or elected alternately.In May 2012,a new electoral law became effective.The law stipulated that federal subject governor still will be elected.This new electoral method can be called 'quasi direct election'.In practice change of electoral way of governor corresponds with change of Russian federalism c losely.The change of the way of electing governor is mirror of change in Russian federalism.