不同天气条件下温室番茄栽培环境因子的变化特征研究

The Study on Variation Characteristics of Environmental Factors in Tomato Greenhouses Cultivation under Different Weather Conditions

[目的]研究南疆干旱气候区春季沙尘频发期,不同天气条件下温室内番茄栽培环境因子变化特征,为合理调控戈壁温室内环境因子,指导温室番茄生产提供依据。[方法]采用无线远程环境监控系统监测典型的晴天、多云和沙尘天气温室内温度、湿度、光照、土壤温度的日变化,对温室内环境因子变化特征进行分析。[结果]温度和光照强度日变化在晴天呈明显的"双波峰型"曲线,多云、沙尘天气则呈"单波峰型",三种天气条件下气温、土壤温度变化均能达到番茄生长发育的适宜温度范围。晴天、多云天气光照强度完全达到番茄生长发育光强的需求,沙尘天气对温室内光强影响较大,日最高光强为29.3 Klx。晴天天气湿度早晚下降的幅度远比沙尘、多云天气小,其变化范围在26.2%～61.1%,沙尘天气湿度下降相对滞后。[结论]南疆早春茬沙尘频发期气温、土壤温度变化均能满足番茄生长发育的适宜温度。沙尘天气通风应使降湿与保温互相兼顾,及时清除棚膜上的尘土,改善温室内光照条件。晴天及时通风降温降湿。

[ Objective ] The purpose of this project aimed to study mutative characteristics of environmental factors in tomato greenhouse cultivation under different weather conditions during spring dust - prone period in arid climate zone of Southern Xinjiang in order to provide a basis for reasonable regulation of those factors for tomato production. [ Method ] Wireless remote environmental monitoring system was used to detect diurnal variation of temperature, humidity, light, soil temperature in greenhouse when the weather is typically sunny, cloudy and sandy. [ Result ] The result showed that the diurnal variation of temperature and light intensity was double crest type curve on sunny days and single crest type on cloudy or dusty days. In these weather conditions, air and soil temperature changes were in the appropriate temperature range of tomato growth and development. Light intensity of sunny and cloudy weather could fully meet the need of tomato growth. Dusty weather had great impact on the light in greenhouse while the maximum light intensity reached 29.3 Klx in a day. The range of humidity on sunny days was 26.2% - 61.1%, and this decrease was less than dusty or cloudy days. The humidity of dust weather relatively lagged. [ Conclusion ] During dust frequency of occurrence in early spring in Southern Xinjiang, air and soil temperature change could content tomato growth. Ventilation should be taken into account when both lowering humidity and keeping warmth in sandy weathers. Clearing dust on plastic cover could improve light condition inside the greenhouse. In sunny weather, ventilation, cooling and lower humidity should be guaranteed timely.