基于GIS的和硕县耕地地力评价与耕地土壤改良分区制图

Evaluation of Soil Fertility of the Cultivated Land and Zoning of Soil Improvement in Heshuo County Based on GIS Technique

[目的]采用综合指数法对和硕县耕地地力进行定量评价,并基于GIS方法对区域内耕地土壤改良利用进行分区。[方法]应用和硕县第二次土壤普查成果,结合野外调查数据,利用专题图叠加确定评价单元11728个,选取了土壤管理、物理及剖面性状、化学性状等12个影响因子,采用模糊评价、特尔斐法、层次分析法等,建立耕地地力评价体系及其模型,对和硕县耕地地力进行评价,并运用GIS手段实现土壤改良利用分区空间制图。[结果]和硕县耕地总面积为30 073.32 hm^2,根据地力水平分为四个等级,一至四级地分别占全县耕地面积的10.47%、34.91%、38.18%和16.43%。[结论]从耕地自然条件出发,得到了和硕县耕地土壤培肥改良利用区、耕地土壤微肥改良利用区、耕地环境条件改良利用区和耕地土壤不良质地构型的空间分布。和硕县耕地大部分属于中等水平,土壤改良分区的空间表达有助于耕地资源的科学管理。

[ Objective]The study evaluates the fertility of the cultivated land in Heshuo County by using the integrated index method, and zone the cultivated soil improvement area based on the GIS method. [ Method] Based on the second general survey of soil data, twelve influencing factors were selected to establish the evaluation system. The grade of cultivated land productivity was formed according to the theory of Fuzzy Mathematics, Telphi Principle and Analytic Hierarchy Program, and the spatial distribution of cultivated soil improvement area in Heshuo County was mapped. [ Result ] The results suggest that 30073. 32 hm2 farmlands could be divided into four grades, the fertility of grade one to four account for 10.47 %, 34.91%, 38.18%, 16.43% respectively. According to the natural conditions of cultivated soil, spatial distribution maps of different soil improvement zones are set up. [ Conclusion ] Cultivated soil in Heshuo County mostly belongs to the middle or high level, special zoning of soil improvement helps scientific management of cultivated land resources.