定量优化农机装备结构的研究

Research on the Quantitative Optimization for Agricultural Machinery and Equipment

[目的]解决新疆农机装备的定量优化问题,使各地州县的农机装备结构趋于合理,达到优化。[方法]提出两个新的农机装备数据统计指标"农机装备配置合理度"和"适宜农机装备占有率",通过这两个指标对各地州县的农机装备现状进行正确的量化评估,根据对各地州县评估的结果,确定各地州县农机装备的发展方向。以新疆哈密地区巴里坤县小麦的耕、种、收为例,运用上述两个新的统计指标对其农机装备进行量化评估。[结果]该县拥有小型铧式犁和小麦播种机的数量过多,而宽幅、先进的铧式犁和小麦播种机很少,小麦联合收获机的数量也不足。该县应积极做好农机作业的社会化服务,运用好农机购置补贴政策,淘汰小型铧式犁和陈旧的小麦播种机,购置先进适用的农机具。[结论]农机装备结构的优化不仅要求农机装备配置合理,同时要求农机装备先进适用,农机装备配置合理度和适宜农机装备占有率这两个新的农机装备统计指标可以完全满足农机装备结构的优化要求。

[ Objective ] To solve the quantitative optimization problem of Xinjiang Agricultural Machinery and Equipment. [ Method ] It presents two new farm machinery and equipment data statistical indicators. One is the reasonable allocation of agricultural machinery equipment; the other is the appropriate share of farm machinery equipment. Through these two indicators, the current situation of agriculture machinery equipment over all the counties are correctly quantified and evaluated. And according to the evaluation of the results, the direction of the development of farm machinery and equipment is identified, so that their farm machinery and equipment structure will be more reasonable, and the purpose of optimization will be achieved as well. [ Result] The plowing, planting and harvesting to the wheat of Barkol County in Hami, Xinjiang are taken as an example, the two new statistical indicators are used to quantify and evaluate their farm machinery and equipment. The result of the assessment is that the county has a excessive number of the small plows and the wheat planters, but few advanced plows and wheat planters. The quantity of wheat combine harvester is also inadequate. Therefore, the county should actively carry out social services for agricultural machinery operations, and make good use of the farm machinery purchase subsidy policy to quicken the speed of washing out the small plows and stale wheat planters, and purchase the advanced and applicable agricultural machinery. [ Conclusion ] The optimization of farm machinery and equipment structure requires not only reasonable farm machinery and equipment configuration, but also advanced and applicable requirements. The two new indicators mentioned above can fully satisfy the requirements of farm machinery and equipment structure optimization.