汉武帝“大一统”思想的形成及实践

The Formation and the Practice of the Grand Unification Thought by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty

汉武帝"大一统"思想在建元六年(前135年)第二次出兵调节百越之间矛盾时已经形成,其核心内容即是"汉为天下宗,操杀生之柄,以制海内之命,危者望安,乱者卬治"。其后,汉武帝将其用于指导构建"大一统"王朝的实践,先后对匈奴、南越、卫氏朝鲜、西域、西南夷等展开了一系列的统一行动,值得关注的是行动的借口多是汉武帝主动制造的,反映着汉武帝构建"大一统"王朝的行动是有计划的。汉武帝构建的"大一统"王朝,不仅为其后昭、宣二帝进一步拓展有效管辖区域、完善西汉王朝的"大一统"提供了坚实的基础,由汉武帝构建起来的"大一统"王朝疆域的规模,也成为后代各朝显示"大一统"的比照对象。因此可以说,汉武帝构建"大一统"王朝的实践不仅奠定了多民族国家中国疆域形成的基础,也积极推动着多民族国家中国的发展和最终形成。

Emperor Wu＇s Grand Unification thought have formed by 135B. C. （6th year of Jianyuan）, with core con- tent that ＂Han as the centre in the world, has the sword of the judgment to rule within the four seas, protecting the weak and administering the rebellious. ＂ Emperor Wu implemented the thought for the great unification and fought against the Hun, Southern Yue, Worthington Korea, Western Regions and Southwestern minorities. What should be paid attention to is that the Emperor Wu made various excuses to realize the motivation of the Grand Unification. Emperor Wu＇ s action of Grand Unification expanded the jurisdictional areas during Zbao and Xuan emperors, and provided the solid foundation for the unification of the West Han Empire. The scale of borderland unified by Emperor Wu was taken as the object of refer- ence in the following empires. Therefore, the implementation of Grand Unification thought by Empire Wu not only laid the foundation of ten＇itory as a country with multi-ethnic groups, but also pushed forward the development and final formation of China with multi-ethnic groups.