新疆主要城市不同生态功能区夏季空气负离子特征

Characteristics of air anion concentration in different ecological functional zones in summer in main cities of Xinjiang

在不同天气状况下,对新疆8个主要城市5种生态功能区(林地、水体、景区、商业区和生活区)空气负离子浓度监测。结果表明:(1)不同生态功能区间空气负离子浓度差异显著(F=51.960,P=0.000<0.001),顺序为林地(431个/cm^3)>景区(398个/cm^3)=水体(398个/cm^3)>生活区(313个/cm^3)>商业区(270个/cm^3);(2)各功能区空气负离子浓度日变化均表现为清晨和傍晚高于午间。单因素方差分析表明林地、水体和景区午间空气负离子浓度与清晨和傍晚的差异不显著,生活区和商业区差异显著;(3)景区和林地CI值(0.50和0.49)处于中等清洁范围,属C级;水体和生活区CI值(0.45和0.29)处于容许范围,属D级;商业区CI值(0.24)在临界值以下,属E级;(4)从林地、水体、景区、生活区到商业区,D级和E级天气所占比例不断增加,B级和C级天气不断减少,说明空气质量逐步下降;(5)不同天气状况下各功能区空气负离子均表现为雨天>晴天>阴天>沙尘(浮尘)。

Air anion is approved to be beneficial to human health and environment and it has become an important indicator for assessment of regional environment quality and ecological service. In tour programming and develop- ment, air anion also provides scientific references. In rainy, sunny, cloudy and sandy days, air anion concentration in different ecological function zones （ forest, water body, scenic spot, commercial zone and habitation zone） was mo- nitored in summer in eight main cities of Xinjiang in this study. The difference in air anion concentration in different ecological function zones was compared, and air environmental quality was evaluated. The aim was to provide scien- tific reference for assessment urban air quality, evaluation of ecological service and tour resource programming in Xin- jiang. Results show that： the difference in air anion concentration among individual ecological function zones is sig- nificant（F =51. 960,P =0. 000 〈0. 001 ）. Forest has the highest air anion concentration （431 ions/cm3） followed by scenic spot and water body （398 ions/cm3 ） , commercial zone has the lowest concentration （270 ions/cm3 ） followed by habitation zone （313 ions/cm3） ;（2）In all of ecological function zones, air anion concentrations in the morning and at dusk is higher than those at noon. ANOVA analysis shows that differences in air anion concentrations between noon and morning and dusk are not significant in forest, water body and scenic spot, but the differences are significant in habitation and commercial zones ; （3） CI values in scenic spot and forest （0.50 and 0.49） are in medi- um clean range and belong to C class ; CI values in water body and habitation zone （0.45 and 0.29） are in allowable range and belong to D class ; CI values in commercial zone （0.24） are below the critical value and belong to E class ; （4） The percentages of the D and E class weather increase from forest, water body, scenic spot to habitation and com- mercial zones, while reduce for B and C class weather; （5） From aspect of weather condition, rainy day has the high- est air anion concentrations followed by sunny day, the lowest is sandy day followed by cloudy day.