从经济自由到人格独立与创作鼎新——元代杂剧作家地位以及文学功能的重新确认

To Reconfirm the Status of Yuan Drama Writers and the Drama's Literary Function

元杂剧发展繁荣,与文学和商业的密切结合息息相关。杂剧演出市场的兴盛,是杂剧创作繁荣的显性结果,也是促进其大力发展的强劲动因。这在一定程度上改变了文学、政治、经济三者的关系,改变了文学家与统治集团之间的关系。当杂剧创作成为艺术演出市场链条中最重要环节时,杂剧作家有了在社会生活中安身立命的空间,他们在赢得经济自由的同时,自身也获得了心灵解放与人格独立,这些在他们的作品中得以凸显。杂剧作家和作品所表现出来的全新面貌,对作家地位和文学功能都具有革命性意义,也在一定程度上决定了未来文学发展的历史走向。

The development and prosperity of the Yuan drama is closely related to the combination of literary and commercial. The prosperity of the drama performance was both the result of drama creation and the strong motivation to promote it development, which has changed to some extent the relations among literature, politics, and economy, and the relationship between the writers and the ruling clique. When the drama creation became the most important part of the art perform- ances, play writers had the space to settle down in the social life, to win economic freedom, and to gain mind liberation and personal independence which be highlighted in their works. Play writers and their works manifested a new look, which was a revolutionary significance for writers＇status and literary features, and to some extent to determine the future trend of literary development.