宽恕和公正过程相互关系的研究述评

Review on the relationship between forgiveness and justice processes

宽恕是人们面对侵犯者由消极动机向积极动机的转变。惩罚性公正是通过强加的惩罚来实现公正的方法,惩罚性公正修复了有侵犯造成的地位\权力担忧。而恢复性公正强调的是受侵犯影响当事人共同协商决定侵犯的解决方案和怎样实现公正,恢复性公正有效地处理侵犯造成的价值威胁。而产生哪种担忧依赖于受害者感知是否与侵犯者有共享身份。相关研究中指出,宽恕与恢复性公正过程呈正相关。以后的研究中,应注重宽恕与公正过程的内在关系研究,使用更客观的研究方法和测量指标来研究两者的关系。

Forgiveness is motivational transformation, where in people＇ s motivations towards an offender change from negative to positive. Retributive justice is justice restoration through the imposition of punishment on the offender, such a response could be suffi- cient for the restoration of a status/power concern that a transgression has disturbed. Restorative justice emphasizes bilateral discussion in an attempt to reach aconsensus about the meaning of the offense and how to address the transgression and to restore justice, it should be an effective response to a transgression that is primarily seen in terms of its value implications. It depends on the victim＇ s perceived shared identity in relation to the offender to the meaning of an offence. Researches suggest that there is a positive correlation between forgiveness and restorative justice. In further studies, researchers should pay attention to the inher- ent relationship between forgiveness and justice process, adopt more objective research methods and measurement to study the relationship.