福州市2007-2011年病毒性肝炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Fuzhou in 2007-2011

目的掌握福州市2007-2011年病毒性肝炎流行特征及规律,为制定病毒性肝炎防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对福州市2007-2011年病毒性肝炎疫情资料进行统计分析,深入探讨影响福州市病毒性肝炎流行特征的有关因素。结果 2007-2011年福州市共报告病毒性肝炎87887例,年平均发病率为261.44/10万,以乙肝最多,占83.88%。甲肝、乙肝发病率总体上呈逐年下降趋势;丙肝、戊肝发病率总体上呈上升趋势。甲肝无明显的季节性,乙肝、丙肝、戊肝以冬春季为发病高峰。病毒性肝炎年平均发病率居前三位的地区为连江县、永泰县、仓山区,不同地区发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=521.909,P=0.000)。男性发病率高于女性(χ2=67.203,P=0.001)。不同年龄组的乙、丙、戊型肝炎发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=487.743、15.052、18.582,P=0.000、0.020、0.005),乙肝为20～岁年龄组高发,丙肝为30～岁年龄组高发,戊肝为60～岁年龄组高发。发病以家务待业及农民为主。结论病毒性肝炎的防治应以乙肝防治为重点,在抓好新生儿、儿童乙肝疫苗、甲肝疫苗免疫接种工作的基础上,应继续扩大疫苗免疫范围。

Objective To assess the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Fuzhou in 2007-2011,in order to provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention.Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of viral hepatitis epidemic in Fuzhou in 2007-2011.Results A total of 87 887 cases of viral hepatitis were reported in Fuzhou from 2007 to 2011 with the annual incidence of 261.44/100 000 per population.Most were hepatitis B cases which accounted for 83.88%.In general,the incidences of hepatitis A and B were going down,while the incidences of hepatitis C and E were going up.Unlike hepatitis A which could occur at any time of the year,hepatitis B,C and E usually appeared during winter and spring.There was a significant difference of incidence among regions with the highest found in.Lianjiang,Yongtai and Cangsan（χ2=521.909,P=0.000）.Males were more vunerable to hepatitis virus than females（χ2=67.203,P=0.001）.Meanwhile,the incidences of hepatitis B,C and E varied significantly among age groups（χ2=487.743,15.052,18.582,P=0.000,0.020,0.005）with the highest in age 20-30 for hepatitis B,30-40 for C and over 60 for E.Most patients were unemployed or farmers.Conclusions Hepatitis B is still the one needed to be focused on for prevention,therefore it is critical to enforce and broaden the vaccination.