环境温度对储油罐气体泄漏扩散影响的研究

Study on impact of ambient temperature on leaked gas diffusion of oil storage tanks

基于k-ε湍流理论建立储油罐气体扩散控制方程组,采用数值模拟方法,应用Fluent软件,模拟复杂气象条件下储油罐油气扩散过程,并重点讨论了环境温度对油气扩散的影响,为危险范围的确定提供依据。在呼吸阀呼气流量为0.107 kg/s,油气混合物中油气和空气的质量分数分别为59.7%和40.3%,空气的相对湿度为92%,风速为0.5 m/s的条件下,研究结果表明,当温度为5℃和40℃时,在高度H=9.2 m的水平面和Y=0轴向平面,在X轴正向,即大气流动方向,安全距离分别相差0.029 m和0.150 m,说明温度对储油罐气体扩散范围的影响相对较小,且危险范围在各平面均随着温度的增加呈增大趋势。采用数值模拟方法模拟储油罐油气扩散过程,由于可以综合考虑油料性质,泄放速率,泄漏口的形状、位置,以及风速、温度等气象因素的影响,模拟结果更趋科学合理。

Based on the theory of k-ε turbulence models, control equations of gas diffusion for tanks were established . Then, numerical simulation method and Fluent software were used to simulate diffusion process of oil and gas under complicated meteorological conditions, and the impact of temperature on oil and gas diffusion was discussed, which provides a basis for hazardous areas classification. The research was performed under the conditions of 0. 107 kg/s of breath valve flow rate, 59.7% and 40.3% of oil gas and air in oil and gas mix- ture, 92% of relative humidity of the air and 0.5 m/s of wind speed. The results show that, the safe distance difference is only 0.029 m and 0.15 m respectively when the temperature was 5 ℃ and 40℃, in the horizon- tal plane at a height of H = 9.2 m, and Y = 0 axis plane, in the positive X axis which is air flow direction. This indicates that the temperature has a relatively little impact on gas diffusion range of storage tanks, and the risk range increases with rising temperature. The simulation results of oil gas diffusion process of oil tank by numerical simulation method are more scientific and reasonable because oil properties, leakage rate, the lea- king shape and position, as well as the wind speed, temperature and other meteorological factors have all been taken into consideration.