俄罗斯近两次人口普查数据对比分析

A Comparative Study of Two Latest Russian Censuses

将俄罗斯2002、2010年两次人口普查的统计数据从数量与城乡分布,地域分布,年龄与性别分布,婚姻与生育状况,家庭的数量与组成,民族构成、语言技能、公民身份,受教育水平,生计来源等方面进行了对比和简要分析,进而归纳出俄罗斯人口的总量过低,城乡失调,区域失衡,出生率持续下降,年龄结构不合理,婚姻状况、就业、民族和国籍问题复杂,教育优势依旧,生计来源多样等特点,成因在于其自然环境恶劣、民族问题复杂,以及前些年政治体制骤变、社会急剧转型、经济问题严重等。纵然近年俄罗斯政府正在着力解决其人口问题,但其人口问题的严重性还将持续。

This paper makes a comparison of the statistics gathered from the Russian census in 2002 and 2010,giving brief analyses on the total population,the population distribution in the rural and urban areas,the geographical distribution, age and gender structure, marital and procreation status, family quantity and constitution, nationality composition, language competence, citizenhood, degree of education, source of livelihood, etc. It comes to the conclusion that the total population of Russia is too low to meet the requirement,the population distribution in the rural and urban areas and different areas is out of balance,the birth rate is going down steadily,the age structure is unreasonable ,there are problems with the marital status,employment, people and nationality composition ,whereas the education advantage remains and the sources of livelihood are diversified. This paper then attributes the problems to the harsh natural environment and complicated nationality composition as well as the abrupt political systematic change, radical social transformation, and severe economic situation towards the end of the last cen- tury. Although in recent years the Russian government has devoted itself to the solution of its population problems, it will con- tinue to face these difficulties in the coming years.