宁夏地区糖尿病视网膜病变的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of diabetic retinopathy in Ningxia

目的调查宁夏地区自然人群中糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的患病率及相关危险因素。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,确定具体的社区及村镇的样本量,填写糖尿病视网膜病变患病率调查表。分析宁夏地区糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率及高危因素、糖尿病患者进行所患疾病的防治知识调查和评价。结果 3 001人中共发现76例糖尿病患者,其中糖尿病视网膜病变患者13例,占糖尿病患者总数的17.11%,占所有受检者的0.43%。对糖尿病病程、血压、血脂、血糖控制情况的相关因素进行分析,在确诊的糖尿病视网膜病变患者中,糖尿病病程<5年者1例(7.69%),5～年者4例(30.77%),>10年者8例(61.54%);合并高血压者10例(76.92%),合并高血脂8例(61.54%);76例糖尿病患者问卷调查,81.6%的患者不知道糖尿病性视网膜病变早期没有症状,近93.4%的患者不知道糖尿病性视网膜病变造成的视力下降经治疗后难以恢复正常视力,86.8%的患者不知道糖尿病性视网膜病最终会导致失明,80.3%的患者不知道糖尿病性视网膜病的治疗方法,86.8%患者缺乏视网膜病变防治的相关知识。结论糖尿病病程长、空腹血糖高、合并高血压、高血脂是糖尿病视网膜病变发生的高危因素,对高危糖尿患者人群的定期眼底检查及高危因素的检测是防治糖尿病视网膜病变的关键。

Objective To investigate the natural populations diabetic retinopathy （DR） prevalence and associated risk factors in Ningxia,and provide the basis prevention,early intervention and treatment with DR. Methods The sample size of the specific communities and villages was determined by a cluster random sampling method, and filled out the survey form of diabetic retinopathy prevalence. Conducted a survey of patients had been diagnosed with diabetes. The prevalence and risk factors were analyzed in diabetic retinopathy in Ningxia, and evaluated the prevention and treatment of illness. Results There were 76 patients with diabetes out of 3001 people, and patients with diabetic retinopathy were 13 cases （17.11%） ,and it was accounting for 0.43% of all subjects. Duration of diabetes, blood pressure, blood lipids and blood glucose control were analyzed, in patients with diabetic retinopathy, diabetes duration less than 5 years was in one case （7.69%） ,5 - 10 years was in 4 cases （30.77%） ,more than 10 years was in 8 cases （61.54%） ,combining hypertension was in 10 cases （76.92%）, and combining hyperlipidemia was in 8 cases （61.54%）. 76 cases with diabetes were surveyed, 81.6% of patients did not know the early symptoms of diabetic retinopathy,93.4% of patients did not know which was difficult to restore normal vision after treatment,vision loss caused by diabetic retinopathy,86.8% of patients did not know diabetic retinopathy would eventually lead to blindness,80.3% of patients did not know the treatment of diabetic retinopathy,86.8% of patients lacked retinopathy prevention knowledge. Conclusion The long duration of diabetes, the fasting blood sugar, hypertension and high cholesterol are risk factors for diabetic retinopathy,the high -risk diabetic patient population regularly fundus examination and detection of risk factors is key to the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.