陕西省烟草主要病毒病种类及植物带毒的检测

Detection and analysis of main tobacco viruses and viruliferous plants in Shaanxi Province

【目的】明确陕西省烟区烟草主要病毒病种类及烟田周围携带病毒植物的种类及带毒情况。【方法】采用酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA),对从安康、宝鸡、商洛、延安、咸阳、汉中和铜川烟区采集感染病毒病的167个烟草样品以及烟田周边7科23种植物的279个植物样品进行了检测。【结果】从感染病毒烟草样品中检测到烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)、烟草蚀纹病毒(Tobacco etch virus,TEV)、马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)和烟草脉带花叶病毒(Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus,TVBMV)5种病毒。其中CMV的侵染最普遍,总检出率达74.34%;PVY、TMV、TEV、TVBMV的总检出率分别为58.16%,47.29%,21.59%和18.87%。在156个烟草阳性样品中,有28个样品受CMV、TMV、PVY或TVBMV单独侵染,其检出率分别为4.78%,10.09%,1.66%和1.18%,未检测出TEV单独侵染;其余样品均受2种以上病毒复合侵染,总检出率为82.05%。烟田周边279个植物样品中,176个植物样品被检测出携带有包括TMV、CMV和PVY等在内的烟草病毒,病毒检出率占63.08%。毒源植物样品中病毒检出率最高的植物为刺儿菜,其病毒检出率高达92.86%,其次为番茄、茄子、辣椒、蚕豆,其病毒检出率分别为90.91%,87.50%,86.67和78.57%。【结论】CMV取代TMV和TEV已成为当前陕西烟区的优势毒种,PVY检出率在部分烟区有明显上升的趋势。田间烟草病毒复合侵染现象严重,值得高度重视。烟田周围植物是烟草病毒病防治的重要考虑因素。

[Objective] This research aimed to identify the main types of tobacco viruses and detect plants carrying viruses in area surrounding tobacco fields at main tobacco growing areas in Shaanxi Prov- ince. [Method] 167 tobacco leaf samples with viral disease symptoms and 279 samples of 23 species plants that belonged to 7 families collected from tobacco fields in Ankang,Baoji,Yan＇an,Shangluo,Tongchuang, Xianyang, and Hanzhong were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. [Result] Tobacco mosaic virus （TMV）, cucumber mosaic virus （CMV）, tobacco etch virus （TEV）, potato virus Y（PVY）, and tobacco vein banding mosaic virus（TVBMV ）were detected in infected tobacco leaf samples. The infection percentage（74.34%）of CMV was the highest,and that of PVY,TMV,TEV and TVBMV were 58. 16%, 47.29% ,21.59% and 18.87% ,respectively. Of the 156 positive tobacco leaf samples,28 cases were infec- ted by CMV（4. 78%）,TMV（10.09%）,PVY（1. 66%）and TVBMV（1. 18%）. Other positive tobacco leaf samples infected by two or more viruses accounted for 82.05 %. Among the 279 samples of plants from ar- eas surrounding tobacco fields, 176 cases were detected with TMV, CMV and PVY,the virus detection rate was 63.08 %. Cephalanoplos（Cirsium seputum） had the highest virus detection rate （92.83 %）, and that of tomato （Solanum lycopersicum ）, eggplant （Solanum melongena ）, peppers （Capsicum frutescens）, and broad bean（Vicia faba）were 90. 91%, 87. 50%,86.67%,and 78.57%,respectively. [Conclusion] CMV had re- placed TMV and TEV as the dominating virus in some tobacco-growing areas in Shaanxi Province,and the infection of PVY increased obviously in some regions. It is highly notable that mixed-virus infections oc- curred severely in tobacco fields. The plants from areas surrounding tobacco fields should be considered as an important factor to prevent tobacco virus disease.