基于空间约束的村级森林收获调整研究

Harvest regulation of village-level forests based on space constraints

【目的】探索建立具有空间相邻约束的森林收获调整模型的方法,为制定乡村集体林的采伐规划、实现森林资源的可持续利用提供方法和依据。【方法】以福建省永安市洪田村的杉木用材林为研究对象,利用森林资源档案数据,将空间相邻约束纳入到森林采伐作业中,运用混合整数规划方法,构建村级森林收获调整的空间优化模型。【结果】在未来10年内,洪田村杉木用材林的最大允许采伐量为8 623.5m3;根据最优可行解可以确定各小班的采伐决策和具体地点,有效阻止采伐相邻斑块,保证利用成熟林、过熟林而避免采伐未成熟林;2个分期的木材收获量分别为4 106.5和4 517m3,实现了木材的均衡生产。【结论】村级森林收获调整的空间优化模型在保证最优采伐量的同时,有效保护了当地生态环境,促进了森林保护与利用的良性循环。

[Objective] To formulate a cutting planning for rural collective forestry and achieve the sus- tainable utilization of forest resources,a harvest regulation model of forest resources with spatial adjacency constraints was established. [Method] Taking Chinese fir timber in Hongtian village, Yong＇an City, Fujian Province as the object,the research combined archive data of forest resources,considered space adjacency constraints,and established an optimizing spatial model of village-level forest resources utilization by means of mixed-integer programming. [Result] The results showed that the largest allowable forest felling vol- ume in Hongtian village was 8 623.5 m3 in the following 10 years. The optimal feasible solution were help- ful to plan the cutting decision and the specific location of each sublot, which prevented cutting in adjacent patches and ensured the use of the mature and overmature forest rather than the immature forest. Moreo ver,the balanced production was obtained with the scheduled volumes of the two cutting stages of 4 106.5 m3 and 4 517 m3 ,respectively. [Conclusion] The optimizing spatial model of village-level forest harvest reg- ulation not only helps to obtain the optimal forest felling volumes but also protects the local ecological en- vironment and enhances the protection and utilization of forest.