缄默知识视野下的胸腔镜手术教学研究

Research on teaching methods of video-assisted thoracic surgery in the view of tacit knowledge

胸腔镜手术属于高技能手术，具有缄默性、情景关联性、传递难及个性化等特点。其动作形成主要是通过动作定向、动作模仿、动作整合、动作熟练、动作自动化这个五个过程来实现。其认知的形成分为四个阶段：学习样例进行类比、形成抽象规则、转向使用产生式规则、提取特定样例。在缄默知识视野下研究胸腔镜手术教学策略与方法，可以促进学习者更快更好地掌握这门技术。

Video-assisted thoracic surgery（VATS） is high-skilled operation, which is tacit, scene-related, hard to transfer and individualized. The action formation of VATS is implemented by action orientation, imitation, integration, training and automation. The skill acquisition of VATS involves four overlapping steps： studying examples to do analogy, developing abstract rules, slowly moving to the use of production rules and retrieving specific examples. Research on teaching methods of VATS in the view of tacit knowledge helps to learn this skill better and more quickly.