水下焊接技术在海洋工程中的应用和发展

Research and Application of Underwater Welding Technology in Offshore Engineering

水下焊接技术广泛应用于海洋工程结构的安装和维护，如导管架、采油平台、海底管道和船舶等。水下焊接受到水介质的影响，具有可见度差、焊缝合氢量高、冷却速度快、电弧电压高和连续作业困难等特点。论述了三种水下焊接方法（湿法焊接、干法焊接、局部干法焊接）发展的现状，重点介绍了湿法水下焊接和高压千法水下焊接在海洋石油工程领域的应用和研究。并对水下焊接技术的发展提出了一些看法。

Underwater welding technology is one of key oceanic technologies, and has comprehensive application in the installation and maintenance of offshore construction, such as jacket, oil platform, piping, etc. Because of the influence of water, underwater welding has some characteristics： bad visibility, high hydrogen content in welding seam, fast cooling speed, high electric voltage, difficulty in continuous welding, etc. This article describes the development state of three methods for underwater welding （wet, dry and locally dry underwater welding）, and focuses on the application of wet underwater welding and high pressure dry underwater welding in offshore oil engineering. Further development trend of underwater welding technology is suggested.