六倍体小黑麦品种资源Glu-1位点的多态性

Polymorphism of Glu-1 locus in hexaploid triticale germplasm resources

利用SDS-PAGE技术分析了我国新疆101份和波兰11份六倍体小黑麦品种资源高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成,共检测到17种高分子量谷蛋白亚基,其中Glu-A1位点编码的HMW-GS有3种变异类型,即1(a)、2*(b)和Null(c),Glu-B1位点编码的HMW-GS有8种变异类型,即7(a)、7+8(b)、7+9(c)、6+8(d)、20(e)、13+19(g)、7+18(r)和6.8+20y(s),Glu-R1位点编码的HMW-GS有6种变异类型,即1r+4r(a)、2r+6.5r(b)、6r+13r(c)、2r+9r(d)、6.5r(e)和0.8r+6r(f)。这些小黑麦品种的HMW-GS组成以Null(c)、7+18(r)和6r+13r(c)为主,分别占58.93%、67.90%和58.00%。在112份供试材料中共检测到30种HMW-GS组合变异类型,其中[Null,7+18,6r+13r(c,r,c)]和[2*,7+18,6r+13r(b,r,c)]出现频率较高,分别为16.91%和16.02%,其他类型组合出现频率较低,个别材料具有少见的特殊亚基组合,如[2*,7+18,2r+9r(b,r,d)]、[2*,6.8+20y,2r+6.5r(b,s,b)]等类型。分析2个地域品种的遗传多样性,发现新疆品种的遗传变异范围小于波兰品种,波兰品种在Glu-1位点上的遗传变异更丰富。结果还显示,在六倍体小黑麦的人工进化过程中Glu-B1位点发生了很大变异,产生了小黑麦特有的7+18(r)和6.8+20y(s)亚基,而且频率很高,为小麦品质改良提供了丰富的基因资源。

Hexaploid triticale （a new species） was artificially synthesized by crossing tetraploid wheat with rye. Its processing quality was related to its HMW-GS composition. To provide reference for the processing and utilization of hexaploid triticale germplasm resources, HMW-GS composition at Glu-1 locus was investigated in 101 samples from Xinjiang and 11 accessions from Poland using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. Results showed that 3 [l（a）, 2＊（b）, Null（c） ]; 8 [7（a）, 7＋8（b）, 7＋9（c）, 6＋8（d）, 20（e）, 13＋19（g）, 7＋18（r）, 6.8＋20y（s）] and 6 [1r＋4r（a）, 2r＋6.5r（b）, 6r＋13r（c）, 2r＋9r（d）, 6.Sr（e）, 0.8r＋6r（f）] alleles were encoded by Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and GIu-R1, respectively. This indicated that alleles at Glu-R1 were the richest. Null（c） at Glu-A1, 7＋18（r） at Glu-B1 and 6r＋13r（c） at Glu-R1 were found to be the main subunits, occupying 58.93%, 67.90% and 58.00%, respectively. Other subunits such as l（a） at Glu-A1; 7（a）, 6＋8（d）, 13＋19（g） and 6.8＋20y（s） at Glu-B1; and lr＋4r（a） and 0.8r＋6r（f） at GIu-R1 were only detected in a few varieties. 30 HMW glutein patterns were found in 121 accessions of Null, 7＋18, 6%13r （c, r, c） and 2＊. Also only 7＋18, 6r＋13r（b, r, c） were the main accessions, occupying 16.91% and 16.02%, respectively. Some distinctive glutein patterns such as [2＊, 7＋18, 2r＋9r（h, r, d）] and [2＊, 6.8＋20y, 2r＋6.5r（h, s, b）] were detected. Genetic variations index at Glu-1 locus oftriticales from Xinjiang and Poland were in the order of Glu-R1 〉 Glu-A1 〉 Glu-B1 and Glu-R1 〉 Glu-B1 〉 Glu-A1, respectively. This indicated that genetic variation at Glu-R1 locus was richer than those at Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 in all detected materials. Analysis of genetic polymorphism revealed that genetic variation in the Poland accessions was richer than that in the Xinjiang accessions. Moreover, 7＋18（r） and 6.8＋20y（s） at Glu-B1 were new and special subunits formed during artificial evolution of triticale. It provided rich gene resources for improving wheat processing qualities.