中国老年人的主要生活来源及其经济保障问题分析

Analysis on the Main Source of Livelihood and Economic Security of the Chinese Elderly

我国目前老龄问题的核心是经济保障,大多数老年人经济来源不足和结构不合理,直接制约了他们生活水平的提高。本文采用第六次全国人口普查数据与第五次人口普查结果进行对比分析,并结合中国老龄科学研究中心2010年的全国老年人跟踪调查数据,分析我国老年群体的生活来源构成、变化及其内部差异,指出当前老年经济保障方面存在的问题及其成因,进而就完善老年经济保障制度提出对策建议。研究发现,我国现阶段老年人经济收入来源较少、结构单一、群体分化明显、社会保障不足。因此,提高贫困老年人的收入和保障水平,缩小群体间的收入差距,提高老年社会保障水平,促进老年人共享经济社会发展成果实属必要。

At present, economic security is the core for the issue of Chinese aged problems. Insufficient and irrational structu- re of financial resources of the majority of the elderly directly restrict the improvement of their living standard. Based on the data of the sixth national census in 2010 comparing with the data of the fifth national census, and the national survey data for the elderly in 2010, this article analyses constitution, changes and the internal differences of the source of livelihood of the elderly, and also analyses the problems existing in the old population＇s economic security at present and the reasons of these problems, and then puts forward some measures for perfecting old peoplees social security system. Through such analysis, we found that the economic security system of the elderly is not strong enough with inadequate income sources, the single structure, obvious social differentiation. Consequently, the author consider that it is necessary to improve the income level of the aged poor people, shorten the income gap between groups, raise the level of social security, and ensure that all the people share the fruits of economic-social development.