中国流动人口变迁及政策启示

The Changes of Temporary Migrants in China and Policy Implication

文章用2010年全国人口普查结果与此前人口普查或人口抽样调查结果进行比较分析,发现流动人口的性别年龄和受教育程度等结构既在一定程度上保持了以往的特点,又出现了明显的变化。更多流动人口在流入地长期居留,并且其性别结构更趋于平衡,受教育程度有所提高,非农就业尤其是服务业的就业比重明显上升。从因"务工经商"而流动的年龄模式看,男女几乎同时加入流动行列。"新生代"农民工与老一代相比,具有明显不同的特点。在城镇化进程中,相应公共政策的制定和完善应当考虑流动人口构成的变化及新特点。

Focusing on the structure change of floating population in China in the first decade of 21st century,this paper compares results from the last two censuses and discuses their policy implications.Although the demographic structure and education of internal migrants in 2010 kept some features as 10 years ago,some significant changes are also observed.For instance,more migrants have settled in their destinations,and gender structure is much more balanced in teens and twenties.Also more migrants have higher education and work in non-agriculture,especially service sectors.Regarding the age pattern of migrating workers and entrepreneurs,the current status has altered from early years' migration status,and it shows that men and women now joint migration almost at the same age.The cohort of 'post-80s' rural to urban migrants is significantly different from the older generation.Relevant public policy design should consider the changes and new features of migrants during the urbanization process.