中国劳动力城乡流动、人力资源优化配置与经济增长

Labor Force Migration between Rural-urban,Optimal Allocation of Human Resources and Economic Growth in China

文章以劳动者基于效用最大化的理性选择为微观基础,构建理论模型分析劳动力城乡流动和人力资源优化配置及其对经济增长的影响,并在此基础上,利用中国2001～2010年省级面板数据进行估计。结果显示,农业技术进步、农业投资和政府对农业补贴等促进农业发展的基本要素与非农产业劳动力份额之间具有显著正相关,劳动节约型技术所推动的农业发展是农村劳动力有效流向城市地区的前提基础;随着劳动力基于市场机制在城乡产业之间流动,逐步减少城乡产业之间劳动报酬差异以实现人力资源优化配置;基于劳动力城乡流动的人力资源优化配置对经济增长具有显著作用,投资、政府对经济活动的参与和前期的研发投入是决定经济均衡增长的主要因素。

This paper constructs a theoretical model to analyze the impacts of labor force migration and optimal allocation of human resources on economic growth.According to the theoretical studies above and Fixed Effects Model estimates with 2001-2010 provincial panel data in China,we find that there are significant positive correlations between the main factors including technological advances,investment and government subsidies to promote agricultural development and the share of industries,and these have helped to optimize the allocation of human resources and increase economic equilibrium.At the same time,investment,government activities and early R&D investment are the main factors to determine economic growth.