225例椎骨骨折的回顾性研究

Retrospective cohort study on 225 cases of spinal vertebrae fracture injury

目的探讨脊柱外伤性椎骨骨折的特点和流行病学趋势,为临床椎骨骨折防治提供参考。方法选择2008年1月～2012年6月就诊椎骨骨折患者225例,分析患者的年龄、骨折节段分布、治疗方式、并发症及临床疗效等。结果 225例患者中男178例、女47例,分别占79.1%、20.9%;40岁以上患者占多数(156例,69.3%)。单个椎骨骨折173例,占76.9%;2个或2个以上椎骨合并骨折52例,占23.1%。椎骨骨折节段以胸腰结合处(T11～L2)最为多见(105例,46.6%)。根据影像学诊断确定椎骨骨折类型,以单纯性压缩性骨折最为多见(107例,47.6%)。手术治疗93例,占41.3%,非手术治疗132例,占58.7%。单纯椎骨骨折142例,占63.1%,有并发损伤83例,占36.9%。治疗的总有效率为96.0%(216例),有4.0%(9例)治疗无效。结论了解脊柱外伤性椎骨骨折的特点和流行病学趋势,对椎骨骨折全面、准确的诊断和治疗具有指导意义。

Objective To explore the characteristics and epidemiological trends of spine traumatic vertebral fractures and to provide a reference for clinical vertebral fracture treatment and prevention. Methods 225 cases of spinal trauma of vertebral fractures from January 2008 to June 2012 were collected by retrospective cohort study to analyze the pa- tient＇s age, distribution of fracture segments, treatment methods, complications and chnieal, efficacy. Results 178 cases of male and 47 cases of female were found in 225 cases of vertebral fractures, the percentage were 79.1% and 20.9% respectively. Middle-older aged over 40 years were found in majority （156 cases, 69.3%）. 173 cases of single segment vertebra fracture were found and the percentage was 76.9%; 52 cases of 2 or more vertebrae merger fracture were found and the percentage was 23.1%. 105 cases of vertebral fracture in thoracolumbar junction segments （TH-L2） were found in majority and the percentage was 46.6%, 107 cases of simple compression fracture were found in majority, ac- cording to the type of vertebral fractures based on imaging diagnosis, the percentage was 47.6%. In 225 cases of verte- bral fractures, 132 cases were non-surgical treatment and 93 cases were treated with surgical operation, accounting for 58.7% and 41.3%. 142 cases of vertebral fractures alone and 83 cases of concurrent injury were found, accounting for 63.1% and 36.9% respectively. The total effective rate of treatment was 96.0% （216 cases）, 9 cases （4.0%） were in- valid in therapy. Conclusion Learning spine traumatic vertebral fracture characteristics and epidemiological trends is of guiding significance for comprehensive, accurate diagnosis and treatment of vertebral fractures in clinic.