薯蓣属植物种质资源形态变异的数量分析

Numerical analysis of morphological variation of germplasm resources of Dioscorea

目的:通过对不同来源地区的薯蓣属种质资源的植物学性状观测、统计和分析,为薯蓣种质资源的鉴定、分类和遗传改良提供依据。方法:采用大田栽培的方法,对薯蓣植株的24个性状分别进行定性观察或定量测定,分别进行主成分分析和聚类分析,对薯蓣种质的遗传形态变异进行研究。结果:94份薯蓣种质在24个测定的性状上变异非常丰富,叶片大小和根茎变异均较大。24个性状中前7个性状特征值的累积贡献率达80.957%。聚类分析把94份薯蓣属植物分为4个类群,分别属于薯蓣、褐苞薯蓣、山薯和参薯。结论:薯蓣种质间存在较大的形态变异。种质鉴定要重点关注叶片大小和根茎的性状。

Objective ： Botanical characters of germplasm resources of Dioscorea were observed and compared, which could to offer reference for its genetic improvement, germplasm resource identification and classification. Method： Based on field cultivation, twenty-four morphological traits of ninety-four Dioscorea germplasm resources were observed or determined. And the morphological differences among germplasm resources were compared by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Result： There were ample morphological diversity in the twenty-four traits, in especially in leaf size and tuber characters of the ninety-four Dioscorea germplasm resources. The first seven principal components which accounted for 80. 957% of total variance were extracted from the principal com- ponent analysis. The ninety-four germplasm resources could be divided into four clusters, which belonging to Dioscorea opposite, D. persimili, D. fordii and D. alata respectively. Conclusion： There were large morphological variation among germplasm resources on Dioscorea. Identification of germplasm resources of Dioscorea should focus on leaf size and tuber characters.