多缸脉冲管制冷机的调相机理研究

Phase Adjustment in a Multi-Piston Pulse Tube Cryocooler

传统的脉冲管制冷机因为不能回收声功,调相能力有限,因此效率难以满足一些应用场合的要求。本文提出了一种多缸脉冲管制冷机结构,它主要由多台直线压缩机和脉冲管制冷机组成,通过控制压缩机活塞之间的相位使脉冲管制冷机获得理想的声场,同时通过压缩机的膨胀活塞回收从次水冷器流出的声功,从而使整机相对卡诺效率可以达到35%以上,远远高出传统脉冲管制冷机能够达到的效率。多缸脉冲管制冷机的结构非常适合于较大制冷量的场合,在超导电网等方面将会有巨大的应用前景。

Due to the limited capacity in phase adjusting and acoustic work recovery, the traditional Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler cannot meet the need of some applications. This paper will introduce a multi-piston pulse tube cryocooler. It includes three units or more. Each unit is composed of a thermoacoustic convertor and a linear compressor. The acoustic field in the convertors is determined by the number of the units and the direction of the piston faces. The acoustic work can be recovered by the expansion chamber. With these new characteristics, the relative Carnot efficiency of this cryocooler could reach 35%, which shows great attractions to HTS electric power grid.