人口流动对中国城乡居民健康差异的影响

Migration and Its Impact on the Differences in Health between Rural and Urban Residents in China

城乡流动对农村常住人口的总体健康状况具有重要影响:一方面城乡流动经历对流动者健康状况存在损耗效应,另一方面,城乡流动现象通过选择机制使处于不同健康状况的居民在城乡之间重新布局:在流动初期,农村地区年轻、健康的个体更倾向于流出户籍所在地,在流动末端,健康状况明显变差的个体最先返回户籍所在地农村。在户籍限制真正消除前,城乡人口流动不可避免地将一部分健康风险和疾病负担转移给农村,这不仅制约农村地区社会经济的发展和居民生活质量的提高,一定程度还加剧了城乡卫生资源配置与需求的矛盾。

Rural-urban migration has an important impact on the general health conditions of rural residents.On one hand,the migration experience has produced a dissipative effect on the health of migrants.And on the other,rural-urban migration has reallocated the residents in different health conditions across rural and urban areas by way of selection mechanism:in the earlier period of migration,the younger and healthier individuals in the rural area tend to leave their registered permanent residence;and in the later period,individuals who are obviously in poorer health are the first ones to return to their registered permanent residence.Before urban registration constraints are truly removed,it would be inevitable for rural-urban migration to transfer some of the health risks and disease burdens to the rural area,thereby hindering the socio-economic development of the rural area and the improvement of rural residents' livelihood,and further intensifying the contradiction between the distribution of rural-urban health resources and their demands.