邕江南宁市区段表层沉积物典型抗生素污染特征

Investigation of the typical antibiotics in the sediments of the Yongjiang River, Nanning City, South China

利用超声提取、固相萃取和HPLC-MS／MS分析方法对邕江南宁市区段沉积物典型抗生素污染进行研究，结果表明，大环内酯类、磺胺类和甲氧苄氨嘧啶10种抗生素中共检出9种，抗生素总浓度范围为1．08～30．84ng／g（均值5．84ng／g）．大环内酯类抗生素检出率达100％，为邕江的主要抗生索污染物，平均含量为1．14ng／g，分布上呈现邕江下游〉中游〉上游的趋势；磺胺和甲氧苄氨嘧啶类抗生素检出率为43％．其中磺胺类抗生素平均含量低于0．06ng／g，甲氧苄氨嘧啶（TMe）平均含量为1．00ng／g，分布上则为上游〉下游〉中游．来源分析表明生活污水及医疗废水的排放是下游沉积物大环内酯类抗生素含量较高的主要原因，而畜禽和水产养殖则是上游磺胺和甲氧苄氨嘧啶污染的主要来源．总体来说，与国内外河流相比，邕江抗生素含量尚处于较低水平，但抗生素抗性基因污染不容忽视．

The concentrations of antibiotics （macrolides： erythromycin, roxitromycin, zithromycin and clarithromycin; sulfonamides： sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine and sulfacetamide; the synergist of sulfonamides： trimethoprim） in the surface sediments collected from the Yongjiang River in Nanning City, South China were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. All the selected macrolides were detected, while the detection rate of sulfonamides and trimethoprim was only 43 %. The concentration of these 9 chemicals was ranged from 1.08 to 30.84 ng/g （mean 5.84 aag/g）. Furthermore, it was found that the distribution of macrolides in the sediment from the Yongjiang River was downstream〉 midstream〉 upstream; but the levels of sulfonamides and trimethoprim were in a decreasing order as follows： upstream〉 downstream〉 midstream. After analyzing the contents of the typical antibiotic contaminants from different sampling sites, it can be summarized that the macrolides were from urban sewage and medical waste, but residues of sulfonamides and trimethoprim were mainly caused by the animal husbandry and aquaculture. Compared to other rivers in the world, the contents of antibiotic contaminants in the sediment from the Yongjiang River were relatively low. However, more attention should be paid to the antibiotic resistance genes pollution.