某汽车制造企业工人自感健康评分及其影响因素

Perceived health score and its influencing factors of workers in an auto mobile manufacturing enterprise

目的了解汽车制造工人自感健康水平及其影响因素,为制定相关措施提供科学依据。方法采用刻度尺百分制法自感健康调查问卷方法,选择某汽车制造企业4生产车间2个工作班,其中1个班的全体工人进行自填问卷调查。结果共收回有效问卷550份。调查对象自感健康评分为65.64±19.78。男性工人的自感健康评分为66.29±19.26,高于女性工人的59.76±23.41(P<0.05);工作时穿戴个人防护用品工人自感健康水平为66.58±18.96,高于不穿戴组的59.32±23.84(P<0.01)。对目前工作满意工人的自感健康水平高于不满意组,总装车间工人自感健康评分最低(57.08±22.41)。多因素分析显示,近期身体异常、总装车间工作、对目前工作不满意、接触振动和粉尘是汽车制造工人自感健康的危险因素。结论汽车制造企业工人自感健康水平较低,自感健康水平与工人工龄、性别、文化程度、工作满意度、工作车间、职业病危害因素接触和个人防护等有关。

[ Objective] To understand the status of perceived health of workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise, and provide scientific evidence for developing related measures. [ Methods] Worker of 2 shifts from 4 workshops were selected. Workers of 1 shift were investigated with percentage score questionnaire. [ Results ] A total of 550 valid questionnaires were obtained. The average scores of perceived health was 65.64 ± 19.78. The scores of male were 66.29-19.26 and 59.76-23.41 of female, with significant difference （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Workers who wearing personal protection equipments during operation had the higher scores （ 66.58 ± 18.96 ） than that （ 59.32 ± 23.84 ） of workers without protection equipments during operation （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The scores of workers satisfied with their work were higher than that of workers unsatisfied with their work. Workers from assembly shop had the lowest scores than other shops, which was 57.08-22.41. The result of multiple linear regression showed that recent unhealthy feelings, the assembly plant work, unsatisfied with his work and expose to vibration, dust were risk factors to？ perceived health of workers. [ Conclusion ] Workers in automobile manufacturing enterprise had a low level of perceived health, which is associated with workers＇ service length, gender, education, job satisfaction, production workshops, occupational hazards exposure and personal protection status.