2005—2010年某蓄电池厂铅接触职业危害的情况

Occupational hazards of lead exposure in a battery enterprise from 2005-2010

目的对某蓄电池企业铅作业场所铅污染状况及其对工人血铅、血锌原卟啉影响因素分析,为加强职业卫生监督管理和制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法检测蓄电池企业工作场所空气中铅浓度,对接触铅作业的工人进行职业健康检查,包括血铅、血锌原卟啉等项目测定。结果①2005—2010年共检测样本数205份,该蓄电池企业铅浓度超过国家职业接触限值的166份,超标率达80.98%。但超标率呈现逐年下降趋势。②在岗职工定期健康检查中发现血铅异常检出率高达77.05%,铅中毒率为27.86%,铅中毒发生率呈现逐年升高趋势。③铅作业车间不同工人铅中毒率不同,各工龄组工人的铅中毒率有明显差异。结论该企业工作场所铅污染比较严重,工人血铅水平仍较高,企业必须采取有效的职业病防治措施,卫生监管部门对职业接触铅劳动者需采取多方面干预措施,预防控制铅中毒发生。

[ Objective ] To analyze the lead pollution, influencing factors of blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin of workers, and provide scientific evidence for strengthening the supervision and management of occupational health and developing control strategy. [ Methods] The concentration of air lead was detected in workplace of battery factory. And the workers with exposure received occupational health examination, including blood lead, blood zinc protoporphyrin and other items. [ Results] ① A total of 205 samples were detected from 2005-2010, 166 （ 80.98% ） exceeded the national exposure limit of lead concentration. But it was descending annually. ② The regular health examination showed the detected rate of blood lead abnormal was up to 77.05%, the incidence rate of lead poisoning was 27.86%. It was increasing annually. ③ The incidence rate of lead poisoning was different between workers in different workplaces, and it was significantly different between workers of different service length. [ Conclusion] Lead pollution is serious and blood lead level of workers is still at a high level in workplaces of this enterprise. Effective measures should be taken to control occupational disease and related administration department should adopt multiple interventions on workers exposed to lead to prevention lead poisoning.