福州市某人造革厂二甲基甲酰胺职业病危害调查

Survey on occupational hazards of dimethylformamide in a tannery

目的了解人造革厂二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)职业病危害因素存在状况,为改善工作场所,保护劳动者身心健康提供依据。方法通过现场职业卫生调查,确定二甲基甲酰胺分布环节及工人接触的机会和方式,依据GBZ 159-2004和GBZ/T 160.62-2004进行采样和检测。对接触者按GBZ 188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》中对DMF的规定进行职业健康检查,对检测和健康检查结果进行分析。结果工作场所空气DMF检测88点,浓度范围为6.8～106.6 mg/m3,均值61.8 mg/m3;有57点浓度超标,超标率为64.8%。接触组类神经征和肝功能异常率高于对照组;差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.55、19.45,均P<0.01);接触组工人班末尿甲基甲酰胺(NMF)浓度范围为3.2～78.20 mg/g.Cr,均值16.60mg/g.Cr,对照组未检出;班末尿NMF与空气中DMF浓度及肝功能异常率之间有正相关性(r=0.937,0.613,P<0.01)。结论该人造革厂DMF危害较严重,建议加强通风排毒和配置个人防护用品等防护措施,降低空气中DMF浓度,减少经皮肤吸收和呼吸道吸入进入机体的量以减少NMF生成量,是预防DMF职业危害的关键。

[ Objective ] To understand the existence of occupational hazards of dimethylformamide （ DMF ） in an artificial leather factory, and provide evidence for workplace improvement, physical and mental health of workers. [ Methods ] Through the field occupational health survey, the distribution of DMF and its exposure mode and chance to workers were identified. Sampling and detec- tion were based on GBZ 159-2004 and GBZ/T 160.62-2004. Occupational health examination was performed on workers exposed to DMF according to GBZ 188-2007＂ Occupational Health Surveillance Technical Specification＂. Results of the testing and health check were analyzed. [ Results ] DMF was detected in workplace air of 88 points, concentration ranged from 6.8-106.6 mg/m, with average of 61.8 mg/m3. Unqualified DMF was detected on 57 points, with unqualified rate of 64.8%. The abnormal rates of neural levy and liver function in exposure group were higher than those of control group, with significantly differences （ χ2 = 9.55, 19.45, all P 〈0.01 ）. The concentration of NMF in urine of shift end of exposure group ranged from 3.2-78.20 mg,/g · Cr, with average of 16.60 mg/g · Cr; no NMF was detected in control group. The concentration of NMF in urine of shift end was positively related with air DMF concentration and abnormal rate of liver function（ r = 0. 937,0.613 ,P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] DMF hazard is serious in this tannery. It is suggested to strengthen ventilation detoxification and to configure personal protection equipment and other measures to reduce air DMF concentration, to decrease the inhaled amount of DMF through the skin and respiratory tract. The reducing amount of DMF generated is the key for occupational hazard prevention of NMF.