4个杜鹃品种对不同pH值灌溉水的生理响应

Physiological Response of Four Azalea Species to Water with Different pH Values

以4种杜鹃品种为材料,研究了pH 4.5、5.5、6.5、7.5(CK)、8.5的灌溉水对其生长发育和生理指标的影响,以分析杜鹃品种在不同酸碱性灌溉水浇灌下的生长情况,为杜鹃花品种的广泛推广提供核心种质资源和栽培管理奠定理论基础。结果表明:(1)4个杜鹃品种的叶绿素含量、SOD、CAT活性和新梢生长率总体上随灌溉水pH值的增加表现为先升高后降低的趋势,相对电导率变化则相反。(2)在pH 5.5处理下,‘德国粉鹃’、‘富哥尔一号’和‘绿色光辉’的叶绿素含量最高,‘德国粉鹃’、‘春之舞’和‘绿色光辉’的CAT活性最强,4个品种的SOD活性和新稍生长率最大,相对电导率最小;pH 4.5处理下‘春之舞’的叶绿素含量最高,‘富哥尔一号’的CAT活性最强;而pH 8.5处理下,4种杜鹃的相对电导率最大,其余指标均最小。(3)pH 4.5～5.5的灌溉水能使起始pH值为5.0左右的基质保持在杜鹃生长的最佳酸碱度范围内(pH 5.0左右)。可见,西南地区采用pH 4.5～5.5的灌溉水栽培杜鹃均能生长良好,且‘绿色光辉’可耐受未经处理的pH 7.5的灌溉水栽培,具有较好的推广和育种价值。

With four species of azalea as materials,we studied the growth and physiological indexes under pH 4.5,5.5,6.5,7.5,8.5 irrigation water,in order to analysis the growth conditions with different acidity and alkalinity irrigation water.The results showed that：（1）With the pH increasing,the chlorophyll contents,superoxide dismutase activities,catalase activities and new shoot growth rates of four species increased firstly and then decreased,while the relative conductivities were contrary;（2）Under pH 5.5,the chlorophyll contents of ＇Mevrouw.A＇,＇Fugeer No.1＇ and ＇Green Glow＇,the CAT activities of ＇Mevrouw.A＇,＇Spring Dance＇ and ＇Green Glow＇ were maximum.The same to SOD activities and new shoot growth rates of the four species,while the chlorophyll content of ＇Spring Dance＇ with pH 4.5 treatment were maximum.The same to CAT activity of ＇Fugeer No.1＇.Under pH 8.5,all relative conductivities were maximum,while the other indexes were contrary;（3）With pH 4.5~5.5,the cultivation matrix which initial pH value was about 5.0 could be maintained in the optimum pH range,about 5.0.Therefore,azalea can grow well with the irrigation water of pH 4.5~5.5 in the Southwest,and ＇Green Glow＇ even can grow with the untreated water of pH 7.5.It is good for extension and breeding,also is a excellent resource for alkali tolerance rootstocks of azalea.