福建省吸毒人群中HIV感染情况及其危险因素分析

Analysis of HIV prevalence and related risk factors among drug users in Fujian

目的分析和探讨福建省吸毒人群中艾滋病病毒(HIV)流行情况及其相关危险行为。方法在福州市、泉州市和厦门市设立吸毒者艾滋病监测哨点,通过社区药物维持治疗门诊和强制戒毒所招募监测对象,收集吸毒者血清学和行为学相关信息。结果福州市、泉州市和厦门市吸毒人群中估计HIV感染率和95%可信区间(CI)分别为0.5%(95%CI:0.087～1.995)、0.5%(95%CI:0.087～1.995)和0(95%CI:0.022～1.143)。吸毒者艾滋病防治知识知晓率为80.3%,而且随着文化程度的提高,其知识知晓率也在不断增加。Logistic回归分析表明,与外省籍吸毒者相比,福建籍吸毒者曾经共用注射器吸毒的比值比(OR)是0.543(95%CI:0.327～0.900);与社区吸毒者相比,强制戒毒所中吸毒者曾经共用注射器吸毒的OR值是6.181(95%CI:3.611～10.582)。结论福建省吸毒人群中存在一些HIV蔓延扩散的危险因素,必须密切关注吸毒人群中相关危险行为的动态变化情况,采取积极有效的干预措施。

Objective To analyze and explore HIV prevalence and related risk factors among drug users in Fujian Province. Methods Comprehensive surveillance sites targeted to drug users were established in Fuzhou, Quanzhou and Xiamen. Cross-sectional studies were conducted to collect serological and behavioral information among drug users selected with convenient sampling from compulsory addiction treatment centers and methadone maintenance treatment clinics. Results The estimated HIV prevalence rate and 95% confidence interval （95%CI） of drug users in Fuzhou, Quanzhou and Xiamen were 0.5%（95%CI：0.087-1.995）, 0.5%（95%CI：0.087-1.995）and 0（95%CI：0.022- 1.143）, respectively. Perception of HIV prevention knowledge was 80.3%among the drug users, which was rising with their higher educational background. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that in comparison with those from other provinces the odds ratio （OR） of needle sharing among the drug users from Fujian Province was 0. 543（95%CI：0. 327-0.900） and it was 6.181（95%CI：3.611-10.582）among drug users from compulsory addiction treatment centers in comparison with those from the community. Conclusion There are some risk factors related to the spread of HIV among drug users in Fujian Province, even though local HIV prevalence among them is still at a lower level at present. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to the dynamic trend of related risk factors among drug users, and to implement effective interventions to prevent HIV from further spread among them.