石鼓山西周墓葬的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Western Zhou Tombs at Shigushan

2012年6月,陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区石鼓镇石嘴头村所在石鼓山发现铜器,经发掘清理确认为1座西周早期墓葬(M3)。这座墓葬的形制有多龛、宽二层台、车人同穴等特点。随葬器物中铜礼器种类齐全,器体硕大,纹饰精美,其中1号禁是目前唯一经过科学发掘出土的铜禁。通过对出土器物的分析,M3的主人应是西周早期的高等级贵族,石鼓山西周墓地应为户氏家族墓地。户氏家族墓地的首次发现,填补了文献记载的空白,丰富了宝鸡地区商周封邑的分布区域。M3的发现,为商周考古提供了新资料,对丧葬制度的研究具有重要的参考价值。

In June 2012, some bronzes were occasionally discovered on Shigushan at Shizuitou Village, Shigu Town in Baoji City, Shaanxi. The location where the bronzes were found was identified as an ancient tomb （M3） by cultural heritage institutions. This tomb had features of multi-recesses, wide ledges and chariots buried in the grave with the tomb occupant, etc. The bronze ritual vessel assemblage in the grave goods was complete, and the ritual vessels were in huge size and with exquisite decorative designs, the No. 1 fin-stand was the first and only bronze fin-stand scientifically discovered to date. The unearthed grave goods showed that the occupant of M3 was a high-ranking aristocrat in the early Western Zhou Dynasty and the Shigushan Western Zhou Cemetery was the family cemetery of the Hu Clan. The discovery of the Hu Clan cemetery made up the gap in the historic literature and enriched the distributions of the fiefs of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in Baoji area. The discovery of M3 provided new data for the Archaeology of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and important references for the researches on the burial systems.