向日葵基因工程研究进展

Research Progress on Sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) Genetic Engineering

向日葵作为世界四大主要油料作物之一,具有适应性强、耐贫瘠等优良特性。随着全球环境与气候变化对农业生态系统的影响及向日葵用途的日益扩大,耐旱耐盐、抗虫抗病、提高品质已成为向日葵育种的更高目标,但这些目标通过传统育种难以在短时间内实现,而以现代生物技术为手段的分子育种,为培育和改良向日葵新品种提供了一条便捷和实用的途径。对过去20多年来,向日葵的体外再生、遗传转化、转基因研究等方面的进展进行了全面总结和综述,分析了目前向日葵基因工程研究中存在的问题,就发展前景进行了展望。

Sunflower （Helianthus annuus L. ） is one of the 4 major oil crops in the world, and has good adaptability, high aridity tolerance and other excellent characteristics. With the effect of global environment and climate changes on ago-ecosystems, the daily increasing usage of sunflower is expanding. The breeding of sunflower is aiming at drought and salt tolerance, insect and disease resistance and superior quality. But these higher breeding objectives are difficult to achieve through conventional breeding method in a short period of time, while the molecular breeding has provided a convenient and practical way to culture and improve new varieties of sunflower. This paper reviewed and summarized the progress made during the past over 20 years in sunflower in vitro regeneration, genetic transformation and transgenic researches. It also analyzed the existing problems in sunflower genetic engineering research, and prospected the development trends of this research.