保水剂对新疆棉花生长发育和产量的影响

Effect of Super Absorbent Polymers on Cotton Growth and Yield in Xinjiang

2008年在新疆石河子进行了保水剂在新疆灌溉棉田的应用效果试验。试验采用一膜6行的高密栽培方式,设定5个水分梯度,在播种时按90 kg/hm2施入保水剂。在不同生育期测定了干物质、叶面积、植株相对水分含量、铃数,以及产量和产量构成要素等。结果表明,在当地适宜灌量至减少20%的范围内,保水剂可提高产量10%,而在其他水分条件下,保水剂会使棉花减产5%～10%左右。铃数的变化是导致产量增减的主要原因。保水剂明显增加干物质向蕾铃的分配比,促进根系生长,提高后期植株水分含量,促进收获玲数的增加,这些可能都是保水剂使棉花增产的主要原因。

This experiment was carried out in Shihezi of Xinjiang province in 2008 to test the applying effect of Super Absorbent Polymers （SAP） in irrigated cotton field. Seeds were sown with high density of 6 lines in one film. 5 water gradients were set on this experiment. SAP was applied right before sowing by hand and the use amount was 90 kg/hm2. Plant dry matter accumulation, leaf area, relative water content of plant, boll numbers, yield and yield components were measured. The results showed that SAP could obviously increase the yield by 10% when the irrigation amount reduced by 20%. While under other moisture conditions, SAP could decrease the yield about 5% ~ 10%. The changes in boll numbers were the main reason for yield increase or decrease. SAP significantly increased the distribution ratio of dry matter accumulation to boll, stimulated the growth of root system, raised plant stem water content in late growing season, and promoted the increase of cotton boll at harvest season. All these are the main reasons for SAP to increase cotton production.