核电可持续发展与低中放固体废物安全管理

The sustainable development of nuclear power and radioactive solid waste safety management

核事故与放射性废物安全管理是核电可持续发展的两大制约因素。本文针对目前核电厂面临的积存的低中放固体废物超出暂存库设计容量和时间的困境,分析核电持续发展带来的放射性固体废物的处置需求和放射性风险,深入探讨了我国低中放固体废物处置现状和存在的问题,认为问题存在的深层原因主要是废物处置责任划分不明确、核电发展与放射性废物管理的国家职能存在割离,在此基础上提出加快出台放射性固体废物处置选址规划、建立独立的放射性固体废物贮存和处置公司、建立和完善放射性废物管理基金制度等政策建议。

Nuclear accident and safety management of radioactive waste are two major restricting factors. The difficulty occurred in nuclear power plants that the accumulated radioactive solid waste is beyond the design capacity and storage period of the temporary repository is focused on in this paper and the disposal demand and radioactive risk of radioactive solid waste caused by continuous development of nuclear power are analyzed. The current situation and existing problems for the disposal of low-intermediate level radioactive solid waste in China are discussed in detail. The deep reasons for the problems are the unclear responsibility for disposal of radioactive waste and the divided national function of nuclear power development and radioactive waste management. The policy suggestions of issuing the disposal siting plan of radioactive solid waste, forming independent firms of radioactive waste storage and disposal and improving radioactive waste management fund system are proposed based on above analysis and investigation.