印度儿童发展综合服务计划的目的、实施及其对我国的启发

Research on the “Integrated Child Development Services” of India

从起点上保障所有儿童的受教育机会和权力的平等是教育公平的重要组成部分。儿童发展综合服务计划(ICDS)是印度政府为促进农村贫穷地区与城市贫民窟弱势儿童的均衡发展而推行的一项综合性计划。该计划在执行过程中存在考量标准不严格、不准确;实现模式简单机械;实施效果不明显等问题。为此,印度政府应转变ICDS的公平观;探索ICDS功能的多样化;改善ICDS组织方式;完善ICDS管理机制。借鉴ICDS的教训,我国在发展弱势群体学前教育时应建立家庭经济困难幼儿入园资助体系;构建农村学前教育管理体制机制;更新弱势群体儿童家长的教育观念;合理规划农村学前教育机构的布局。

Guaranteeing all children have equal opportunities and rights of receiving education from the starting point is a vital part of educational equality. ICDS （Integrated Child Development Services） was initiated by the Indian government, which aimed at facilitating the development of children both in poor rural areas and urban slums. Taking ICDS as an example, this paper discussed its achievements and challenges, and proposed its future from the aspects of target, function, organization and management system which could give us many lessons and enlightenments.