从积极推动到保守谨慎——美国国务院在中美关系缓和中的角色(1969—1972)

From Active Promotion to Conservation and Caution—— The Role of State Department of the United States in Sino-US Relations'Relaxation (1969—1972)

在缓和对华关系的初期,美国国务院主持的一系列政策研究,为白宫提供了恢复大使级会谈、放松对华管制、逐步从台湾撤军等富有建设性的政策选项。此外,国务院高级官员还较早地察觉到中苏冲突的重大机遇,为中美苏三角关系的建构提出了战略性建议。但在中美缓和进程的中后期,由于不清楚白宫与中国领导人的"幕后渠道"外交信息,国务院方面因信息不足而在缓和对华关系的政策上趋于保守谨慎。

In the initial stage of relaxing the relations with China, State department of the United States hosted a series of policy research and put forward constructive policy options for the White House, such as resuming talks at ambassadorial level, relaxing control to China and gradually withdrawing troops from Taiwan. In addition, senior officials of State Department also had noticed the important strategic opportunity on Sino-Soviet conflict and provided strategic suggestions for the construction of triangular relations among China, the United States and the Soviet Union. But in the middle and late stage of Sino-US relations＇ relaxation, because State Department was not clear the foreign information of ＂backstage channels＂ between the White House and the Chinese leaders, the State Department tended to be conservative for insufficient information on relaxing the relations to China.