气闸舱泄复压热力过程研究

The Research of the Air Thermodynamic Process with the Pressure Relief and Recovery in Airlock Cabin

为满足航天员出舱活动的需要,出舱活动飞船气闸舱在满足载人飞船密封舱一般要求外,还需经历泄压和复压两个热力过程。伴随气闸舱的泄复压过程,舱内空气因泄压而发生热力膨胀降温现象,因复压而出现热力压缩升温现象;复压用气瓶在气闸舱复压过程中压力急剧降低也出现降温现象,其降温程度将影响气闸舱复压后舱内温度水平。运用热力学方法对气闸舱泄复压热力过程进行分析,并通过地面和在轨飞行试验验证了分析的正确性,本文工作将为后续载人航天器气闸舱的热控设计提供参考。

To satisfy the requirement for extra-vehicular activity（EVA） of the astronaut,the airlock cabin of EVA spaceship must undergo two thermodynamic processes,pressure relief and pressure recovery.In the process of the pressure relief,the temperature will reduce because of air thermodynamic expansion.In the process of the pressure recovery,the temperature will increase because of air thermodynamic compression.At the same time of the process of the pressure recovery,the temperature of air bottles will reduce because of thermodynamic expansion.This influences the air temperature of airlock cabin after pressure recovery.The air thermodynamic process with the pressure relief and recovery in the airlock cabin is researched by using the thermodynamic method in this paper.And the method is proved to be correct through the ground experimental result and the on-orbit flight data.