微纳器件热传导中的基础物理问题

Fundamental physics issues of thermal conduction in nanoscale devices

纳米功能器件中的温度控制已经成为世界各国迫切需要解决的关键技术。在文章中,作者简单回顾了纳米器件发展的历程和现状;以碳纳米管和石墨烯为例,重点介绍了纳米尺度热传导研究中的一些基础物理问题,以及近年来该领域中一些热点研究方向和新奇物理效应。同时,还讨论了影响纳米材料热传导性质的主要物理机制。研究这些系统本身的热传导特性,不仅对于深入理解纳米尺度能量输运的基本物理原理具有重要意义,而且与微纳电子器件的未来发展密切相关,具有广阔深远的应用前景。

Heat dissipation is a key challenge in the development of nanoscale devices. In this paper we describe the state-of-the-art of nanoscale devices and some fundamental issues of nanoscale thermal conduction, using carbon nanotubes and graphene as examples. We then present various new in- teresting phenomena in this field. We also discuss the main physical mechanisms that influence the ther- mal conductivity ofnanomaterials. An understanding of thermal conduction in low-dimensional systems is not only of fundamental interest in physics, but is also of great relevance to the development of nanoscale electronics, with a broad range of future applications.