棉秸秆提取天然纤维素纤维的工艺及其纤维形态结构

Preparation of natural cellulose fibers from cotton-stalk and their structure and morphology

通过对棉秸秆皮外观观察以及定量测定各段棉秆皮成分含量,确定分3段对棉秸秆脱胶提取纤维素纤维。采用一煮法工艺,通过正交试验,以提取纤维的线密度、拉伸断裂强度、残胶率、纤维可挠度为评价指标,运用模糊正交法综合评价不同段棉秸秆提取天然纤维素工艺,得到棉秆脱胶一煮法优化工艺参数。第1段为:NaOH浓度0.875 mol/L,温度100℃,时间2.5 h,双氧水浓度0.106 0 mol/L;第2段为:NaOH浓度0.75 mol/L,温度100℃,时间2.0 h,双氧水浓度0.106 0 mol/L;第3段为:NaOH浓度0.75 mol/L,温度90℃,时间2.5 h,双氧水浓度0.084 8 mol/L。通过扫描电镜观察各段提取纤维素纤维的外观形态,认为所提取的天然纤维素纤维属工艺纤维,纤维表面不光滑,且纤维表观粗细不均匀。

For extraction cotton-stalk was divided into three sections through observing cotton-stalk bast appearance and testing the individual constituents. One-step degumming technology was used. Orthogonal experiment was adopted to set the evaluation indexes of the fiber linear density, tensile strength, residual gum content and flexibility, and fuzzy orthogonal method was used to make a comprehensive evaluation of each of the extraction process for obtaining natural cellulose fibers from different cotton-stalk sections. Experimental results showed that the optimal degumming parameters of first cotton-stalk section were NaOH content 0. 875 mol/L, temperature 100 ℃ , time 2.5 h, and n202 content 0. 106 0 mol/L; in the case of the second section： NaOH content 0.75 mol/L, temperature 100 ℃, time 2.0 h, and H202 content 0. 106 0 mol/L , and with respect to the third section： NaOH content 0.75 mol/L, temperature 90 ℃, time 2.5 h, and n202 content 0.084 8mol/L. The morphology of the fibers obtained from different cotton-stalk sections was observed by SEM. It was shown that these cellulose fibers were technical fibers, with rough surface and uneven fineness.