异质的所有制结构、FDI的技术效率溢出和制造业技术创新

Heterogeneous Ownership Structure,the Technical Efficiency Spillover of FDI and the Technological Innovation of Manufacturing

文章将国有企业、集体企业等四类不同所有制结构类型纳入FDI对制造业技术创新溢出影响的分析框架,考察异质所有制结构的FDI技术效率溢出程度。利用2005～2010年30个制造业行业的面板数据,运用差分广义矩法(GMM)按照企业所有制结构分类检验外商直接投资对行业技术创新的技术溢出效应。结果表明,各类企业自身的生产制造能力提升是制造业技术创新的基础,外资技术溢出对技术创新的影响因企业所有制结构的不同呈现出较大的差异,按销售产值加权的溢出效率对各类所有制企业所在行业的技术创新产生了显著的正面效应,且私营企业的表现最为突出。但是,按从业人员加权的技术溢出结果是国有企业和集体企业是正面积极影响,私营企业和外资企业是负面消极影响,且负面影响最大的是私营企业。

Integrating the four different ownership structures of state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises and so on into the analytical framework of FDI＇ spillover effects on technological innovation in manufacturing, this paper examines the extent of spillover of heterogeneous ownership structure. By using the industry panel data from 2005 to 2010 and applying GMM method, it estimates the technical spillover of technological innovation according to the ownership structure classification. The enhanced manufacturing ability of various types of enterprises is proven to be the basis of technological innovation in manufacturing. The spillover effect of technological innovation appears to have a considerable difference because of different heterogeneous ownership structure. The spillover efficiency weighted by the sales value of industry technological innovation of various ownership enterprises is obviously positive, and the performance of private enterprises is the most outstanding. However, the results of the spillover weighted by the employed persons are different. State-owned enterprises and collective enterprises are positively affected, while private enterprises and foreign enterprises are negatively affected, with the largest negative effect on private enterprises.