农民工职业健康教育效果分析

Effectiveness of Occupational Health Intervention among Migrant Workers

[目的]探讨使用权力增长策略促进农民工职业健康意识和行为的效果。[方法]采用单纯随机抽样方法,在上海市某区随机抽取12家中小型企业,以其中的农民工为干预对象,用权力增长策略的"信息提供、资源可及性和鼓励参与等关键要素"为手段实施干预。采用问卷调查、现场观察的方法,使用频数和构成比表示干预对象干预前后健康安全意识和行为的变化情况,使用卡方检验比较干预对象干预前后健康安全意识和行为的变化。[结果]使用权力增长策略干预后,农民工的职业健康安全(occupational health and safety,OHS)培训意愿、在岗期间体检意愿、参与公司OHS决策意愿、和他人交流职业病危害防护经验意愿、了解公司OHS决策意愿和关注新闻中有关职业病报道意愿与干预前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。农民工要求签订专项职业病合同的行为、参加在岗期间体检的行为、主动提出OHS建议的行为和主动要求配发或更换个人防护用品的行为与干预前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);农民工电话咨询的人次数从干预前的0人次,提高到干预后的146人次。[结论]使用权力增长策略干预后,农民工的自我健康维护意愿和行为、参与企业职业病危害管理的意愿和行为,均得到了增强和提高。

[ Objective ] To evaluate effectiveness of empowerment strategy on occupational health awareness and behavior of migrant workers. [ Methods ] A questionnaire survey and a field observation were conducted in migrant workers selected from 12 random sampled small and medium-sized enterprises in a district of Shanghai. Descriptive statistics and X2 test were used to compare the awareness and behaviors related to workplace health and safety among migrant workers between pre- and post- interventions. [ Results ] The awareness of participating occupational health and safety （OHS） training, attending on-employment medical examination, participating OHS-related decision-making, sharing experience on OHS, understanding OHS policies, and noticing occupational disease information from public media were significantly improved after the intervention （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）. Meanwhile, the behavior of claiming concrete OHS contract, attending on-employment medical examination, proposing OHS suggestion, and requesting personal protective equipment were also remarkably improved after the intervention （P〈 0.01）. The number of migrant workers who made OHS consulting calls increased from 0 to 146 since the project launched. [ Conclusion ] The awareness and behaviors of health protection and 0HS decision making involvement among migrant workers have significantly improved after practicing empowerment strategy.