浅析环评中重金属第一类污染物源强计算——以电镀企业为例

Analysis on Source Intensity of First Class Heavy Metal Pollutant in EIA——A Case Study of Electroplating Enterprises

以电镀企业为例,解读相关标准、规范要求,剖析当前环评工作中重金属第一类污染物排放源强计算存在的问题并探索解决方案。研究发现,由于废水分质分类处理,环评中第一类污染物源强分析节点出现了困难,同时验收监测又常以总排口为节点,导致监测排放量大于环评预测的允许排放量。分析认为,除了有更严格的地方法规,第一类污染物排放源强应以车间或生产设施排放口为监控节点,为克服车间排放口监控位置选取的困难,环评中可根据物料衡算法推算更严格的排放标准,在总排口实施实际监控。环评和验收监测的相关计算方法要实现统一,以便环境管理。

Taking electroplating enterprises as examples, this paper attempts to interpret relevant standards and standard re- quirements in order to analyze the problems in intensity calculation of first class heavy metal pollutants emission source encoun- tered in current environmental impact assessment（EIA） and explore the solutions to these problems. The results show that it is difficult to find the intensity analysis node of the first class pollutant source in EIA due to wastewater classification and sort pro- cessing. At the same time, acceptance monitoring often takes total discharge port for the node, which leads to the fact that monito- ring emissions are more than allowable emissions prescribed in the EIA. Analysis suggests that in addition to more stringent local laws and regulations, the first class pollutant emission source intensity should take workshop or production facilities discharge out- let as the monitoring node to overcome the difficulties of workshop discharge outlet monitoring location selection. More strict dis- charge standards should be taken based on material balance calculation algorithm in EIA and the actual monitoring is implemented in total discharging port. A unified calculation method is needed in the EIA and acceptance monitoring so that it is more beneficial for the environmental management.