软骨藻酸神经毒性作用机制研究进展

Research Advance in Neurotoxic Mechanism of Domoic Acid

在拟菱形藻引发的有毒赤潮中产生的记忆缺失性贝毒(amnesic shellfish poison,ASP)软骨藻酸,经贝类等海洋生物摄入进入食物链,在对海洋生物造成危害的同时,也对人类健康造成威胁。软骨藻酸中毒者临床上表现为呕吐、腹痛和头痛等症状,严重者出现神经系统功能紊乱,如昏迷、抽搐和记忆缺失。软骨藻酸结构上与兴奋性氨基酸谷氨酸相似,它可以通过直接活化KA(kainate)受体和AMPA(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid)受体介导兴奋性神经毒。本文主要从线粒体功能紊乱、内质网应激和神经炎症等方面就软骨藻酸的神经毒性作用机制进行了综述。

In the toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia red bloom,domoic acid（DA）,an amnesic shellfish poison which is produced by Pseudo-nitzschia,entered into the food chain through its consumption by marine animals such as seashell.DA can do harm to marine mammals and human health.In human,DA causes clinical symptoms,such as vomiting,abdominal cramps,and headache.In severe cases,DA induces neurological dyfunction,including coma,seizues,and memory loss.Many researches showed that DA,a structural analogue of excitatory amino acid glutamate,could activate KA（kainate） receptor and AMPA（α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid） receptor and thus induce neuroexcitotoxicity.The aim of this research is to provide an overview of the mechanism underlying DA-inducing neurotoxicity which focused on the aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction,endoplasmic reticulum（ER） stress and neuroinflammtion.