基于PSR模型的旅游地生态持续性空间差异评价——以云南省玉龙纳西族自治县为例

Spatial Differences in Ecological Sustainability Based on a Pressure-State-Response Model for Yulong County Yunnan

研究基于"压力-状态-响应(PSR)"模型,构建了旅游地生态持续性评价体系,以云南省玉龙县为例,将旅游活动集中区作为评价单元,定量评价全县旅游生态持续性状态的空间分异,以综合反映旅游地内部生态环境的承载力和稳定性,以及旅游者和当地居民各种需求的满足程度与制约因素。研究结果表明:指标体系反映了生态环境结构与功能、旅游者与当地居民需求满足程度,以及旅游业发展与生态管理之间的联系与反馈,能够辨识这些关联作用中最为关键的部分;以旅游活动集中区作为空间评价单元,能够直观反映与分析生态持续状态的区域差异与根本原因,有助于生态管理措施的制定与空间落实;虽然旅游者的大幅增长导致对资源和能源消耗量的增长,同时也提高了当地居民生态保护的意识,奠定了生态保护的经济基础,形成旅游发展与生态保护相互促进的正向关系。

This paper constructs a tourism evaluation system of ecological sustainability based on the pressure-state-response（PSR） model to comprehensively evaluate carrying capacity and stability of the ecological environment for Yulong county in Yunnan. We found that from the perspectives of pressure, state and response, the indicator system reflects structure and function of the ecological environment, the satisfaction of tourists and local residents, and connections and feedback between tourism development and ecological management. Tourist destinations are different from ordinary regional complexes because decisive factors are mainly interactions between tourists, their activities and intemal elements within the system. Within evaluation units, the interaction mechanism is different for tourism and related human activities because of the different types of tourism resources, tourist activities and management modes. It is feasible to consider both the development of tourism and improvement of ecological sustainability. For example, across Yulong county, the most concentrated area of tourism activity is the also the area with the best status for ecological sustainability, such as the ancient city of Lijiang and Yulong Snow Mountain. Although a significant increase in tourists has led to a growth in consumption of resources and energy, corresponding increases in tourism revenue laid the economic foundation for local ecological construction. Awareness of ecological protection among local residents increases with development of local tourism. Therefore, during tourism development a combination of subjective understanding and objective conditions tends to promote a virtuous relationship between tourism development and ecological protection.